A hangok - magyar szinkronos el. Our product has no affiliation with You. Soil as Carbon Storehouse: New Weapon in Climate Fight? Schwartz: Yale Environment 3. Mar 2. 01. 4: Analysisby judith d. Today, just three percent of North America’s tallgrass prairie remains. Its disappearance has had a dramatic impact on the landscape and ecology of. Borat: Sacha Baron Cohen, az angol komikus a kazah riporter, Borat k Repeat A hangok - magyar szinkronos el. The Voices is an upcoming American-German comedy crime horror thriller film directed by Marjane. Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet! Staff Picks; Categories; Channels; Groups; Apps; More. The world’s cultivated soils have lost 5. The importance of soil carbon — how it is leached from the earth and how that process can be reversed — is the subject of intensifying scientific investigation, with important implications for the effort to slow the rapid rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. According to Rattan Lal, director of Ohio State University’s Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, the world’s cultivated soils have lost between 5. CO2. Now, armed with rapidly expanding knowledge about carbon sequestration in soils, researchers are studying how land restoration programs in places like the. Rattan Lal. Soil in a long- term experiment appears red when depleted of carbon (left) and dark brown when carbon content is high (right). Absent carbon and critical microbes, soil becomes mere dirt, a process of deterioration that’s been rampant around the globe. Many scientists say that regenerative agricultural practices can turn back the carbon clock, reducing atmospheric CO2 while also boosting soil productivity and increasing resilience to floods and drought. Such regenerative techniques include planting fields year- round in crops or other cover, and agroforestry that combines crops, trees, and animal husbandry. Recognition of the vital role played by soil carbon could mark an important if subtle shift in the discussion about global warming, which has been. A look at soil brings a sharper focus on potential carbon sinks. But a look at soil brings a sharper focus on potential carbon sinks. Reducing emissions is crucial, but soil carbon sequestration needs to be part of the picture as well, says Lal. The top priorities, he says, are restoring degraded and eroded lands, as well as avoiding deforestation and the farming of peatlands, which are a major reservoir of carbon and are easily decomposed upon drainage and cultivation. He adds that bringing carbon back into soils has to be done not only to offset fossil fuels, but also to feed our growing global population. Goreau, a biogeochemist and expert on carbon and nitrogen cycles who now serves as president of the Global Coral Reef Alliance. Discuss Shut In (2016). Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet! A Human Rights Watch Watch Dogs: ez eddig a legjobb GTA kl. Save Learn more at Uploaded by user. Organ Pipe Organ Szabolcs Online Szon. Goreau says we need to seek opportunities to increase soil carbon in all ecosystems — from tropical forests to pasture to wetlands — by replanting degraded areas, increased mulching of biomass instead of burning, large- scale use of biochar, improved pasture management, effective erosion control, and restoration of mangroves, salt marshes, and sea grasses. Scientists say that more carbon resides in soil than in the atmosphere and all plant life combined; there are 2,5. And compared to many proposed geoengineering fixes, storing carbon in soil is simple: It’s a matter of returning carbon where it belongs. Through photosynthesis, a plant draws carbon out of the air to form carbon compounds. What the plant doesn’t need for growth is exuded through the roots to feed soil organisms, whereby the carbon is humified, or rendered stable. Carbon is the main component of soil organic matter and helps give soil its water- retention capacity, its structure, and its fertility. According to Lal, some pools of carbon housed in soil aggregates are so stable that they can last thousands of years. This is in contrast to . When soil is exposed, it oxidizes, essentially burning the soil carbon. We can take an alternate trajectory. One promising strategy, says Goreau, is bolstering soil microbiology by adding beneficial microbes to stimulate the soil cycles where they have been interrupted by use of insecticides, herbicides, or fertilizers. As for agroforestry, programs with greater species diversity are better able to maximize the storage of carbon than monocultures. Many researchers are looking to biochar — produced when plant matter, manure, or other organic material is heated in a zero- or low- oxygen environment — for its ability to turn problem areas into productive sites while building soil carbon. According to Australian soil scientist Christine Jones, plants with mycorrhizal connections can transfer up to 1. The most common mycorrhizal fungi are marked by threadlike filaments called hyphae that extend the reach of a plant, increasing access to nutrients and water. These hyphae are coated with a sticky substance called glomalin, discovered only in 1. Department of Agriculture advises land managers to protect glomalin by minimizing tillage and chemical inputs and using cover crops to keep living roots in the soil. In research published in Nature in January, scientists from the University of Texas at Austin, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and Boston University assessed the carbon and nitrogen cycles under different mycorrhizal regimens and found that plants linked with fruiting, or mushroom- type, fungi stored 7. Lead author Colin Averill, a fourth- year graduate student at the University of Texas, explains that the fungi take up organic nitrogen on behalf of the plant, out- competing soil microorganisms that decompose organic matter and release carbon. He says this points to soil biology as a. Our understanding of how soil life affects the carbon cycle is poised for tremendous growth. Our understanding of soil microbiology and how soil life affects the carbon cycle is poised for tremendous growth, says Goreau. This, he says, is thanks to the burgeoning field of metagenomics, the study of genetic material from specimens taken directly from the environment rather than cultured in a lab. Lal of Ohio State says that restoring soils of degraded and desertified ecosystems has the potential to store in world soils an additional 1 billion to 3 billion tons of carbon annually, equivalent to roughly 3. CO2 emissions. This could reflect the fact that soil carbon is generally measured in the top 1. For example, in land with deep- rooted grasses the soil can go down five meters or more. Research by Australian and British scientists published last year in the journal Plant and Soil examined soils in five southwestern Australia sites. MORE FROM YALE e. As Uses of Biochar Expand, Climate Benefits Still Uncertain. Research shows that biochar made from plant fodder and even chicken manure can be used to scrub mercury from power plant emissions and clean up polluted soil. The big question is whether biochar can be produced on a sufficiently large scale to slow or reverse global warming. READ MORE. at depths as great as nearly 4. These findings add impetus to explore strategies such as working with deep- rooted perennial grasses to secure carbon at depth. Those who champion soil carbon for climate mitigation frequently look to grasslands, which cover more than a quarter of the world’s land. According to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization, grasslands also hold 2. Much of this land is degraded, as evidenced in the U. S. Great Plains and places like northern Mexico, Africa’s Sahel, and Mongolia. Seth Itzkan — founder of Massachusetts- based Planet- TECH Associates, a consulting firm specializing in restoration ecology — advocates Holistic Planned Grazing (HPG), a model developed by Zimbabwean wildlife biologist Allan Savory. In this practice, livestock are managed as a tool for large- scale land restoration, mimicking the herding and grazing patterns of wild ruminants that coevolved with grassland ecosystems. Animals are moved so that no plants are overgrazed, and grazing stimulates biological activity in the soil. Their waste adds fertility, and as they move in a herd their trampling aerates soil, presses in seeds, and pushes down dead plant matter so it can be acted upon by soil microorganisms. All of this generates soil carbon, plant carbon, and water retention. Savory says HPG doesn’t require more land — in fact it generally supports greater animal density — so it can be applied wherever livestock are raised. In Australia, which has been suffering extreme heat and wildfires, policy- makers are taking seriously programs that build and stabilize soil carbon. The action plan Regenerate Australia outlines a strategy to restore up to 3. A core goal is attaining previous soil carbon levels by introducing more sustainable grazing, farming, and water- retention practices. I think there is now a general awareness of soil carbon, an awareness that soil isn’t just a medium for plant growth. Schwartz is a freelance writer based in southern Vermont who has written on ecology and economics for Scientific American, Conservation, Time, and Pacific Standard. Her most recent book is Cows Save the Planet and Other Improbable Ways of Restoring Soil to Heal the Earth. The Methane Riddle: What Is Causing the Rise in Emissions? But new research finds some surprising culprits in the methane surge and shows that fossil- fuel sources have played a much larger role over time than previously estimated. That means finding ways to boost yields with less fertilizer and rethinking the way food is distributed. READ MORECan Data- Driven Agriculture. Help Feed a Hungry World? Experts hope this data, detailing everything from water use to crop yields, can also help the developing world grow more food. READ MOREEl Ni. Now scientists are working to understand if global warming will lead to more powerful El Ni. READ MOREThe Methane Riddle: What Is Causing the Rise in Emissions? But new research finds some surprising culprits in the methane surge and shows that fossil- fuel sources have played a much larger role over time than previously estimated. This monumental change is triggering a cascade of effects that will amplify global warming and could destabilize the global climate system. READ MOREHow Climate Change Could Jam The World's Ocean Circulationby nicola jones.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
December 2016
Categories |